完形填空的解題原則是以上下文的內容為衡量標準。有不少題目在設計上非常注重干擾項在語法結構上的合理性,使四個選項在語法上均無懈可擊。還有的干擾項從局部角度講可以被認可,例如在短語或單句層面上符合習慣搭配或邏輯表達。但當這些詞置于全文大背景中便顯出破綻:要么前后矛盾,要么與主題不相關。由此可見,短文本身是一個語篇整體,在解題中千萬不能脫離上下文去就事論事。相反,小圈子里的疑團解不開時,放眼外圍語境,或許能得到意外的驚喜,甚至是現成的答案。
從某種意義上講,完形填空與閱讀理解之間的關系比較密切。實際上,完形填空的第一關便是閱讀理解,或者說閱讀理解是完形填空測試的一部分內容,所檢測的閱讀理解能力滲透在每一小題的解題過程中。完形填空解題的首要步驟是將短文的大意理解清楚。
完形填空是將語法和詞匯題放在語篇中考,所以與單純的語法題和詞匯題不同。考生在備考時不但要花力氣去背記語法要點和積累詞匯,還要注意單詞在使用中的搭配習慣和用法上各自不同的特點及同義詞之間的差別等。另外,還要學會通過語境暗示推斷詞義和連詞的用法,及詞與詞、句與句、段與段之間的關系(到底是并列、選擇、轉折還是遞進、讓步、因果等)。
一、根據語法進行選擇
1. As soon as the children were ______, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom.
A. woke B. awoke C. awake D. waken
2. People who live in a small village are bond to see a good ______ of each other.
A. sum B. quantity C. deal D. amount
3. Mr. John cooks the food _______ as the best cooks in Europe.
A. as good B. as better C. better D. as well
4. ______ the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything.
A. As far as B. As long as C. As well as D. As soon as
5. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, ______ was to be expected.
A. that B. what C. so D. as
6. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established _____ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (99)
A. where B. how C. what D. unless
7. Companies ______ low accident rates plan their safety programs,…。 (99)
A. at B. in C. on D. with
8. There are thirteen or more of them (維生素), and if ______ is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent. (96)
A. any B. some C. anything D. something
9. of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.
A. None B. Either C. Both D. Any
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