四、英國的飲食與健康

　　A recent parliamentary report blames the government and the food industry for the growth in obesity. The Department of Transport is blamed for not doing enough to__1__facilities for pedestrians and cyclists while__2__ to pressure from motoring organizations representing car users. The Ministry of Education is__3__of selling off school playing fields and not doing enough to__4__adequate facilities for physical education and games. Young people in Britain have become crazy about football（soccer and rugby），but too often as__5__“couch potatoes”。

　　The food industry is blamed for promoting junk food to school children and not doing enough to__6__down on sugar，fats and salt in prepared foods. The industry，__7__by the current popularity of the Atkins low-carbohydrate diet，has begun to __8__，but it is trying to protect a huge market and will need to do__9__more if it is to__10__off increased regulation. Japan seems less__11__so far by the problem of obesity，__12__ as the Japanese diet becomes increasingly__13__（burgers and doughnuts）the problem will grow. __14__，Japanese cuisine has become highly popular in Britain. It is seen as healthy in a different way from the Mediterranean diet__15__its emphasis on tomatoes and olive oil combined with red wine. A fairly small amount of red wine is now__16__as beneficial to the heart，__17__its other encouraging properties. But Britain has to do more to__18__the problems of alcoholism__19__with the binge-drinking culture—including violence and vandalism. Limited consumption of alcohol，as long as it is not__20__with driving，is harmless and possibly beneficial. 1. [A] stimulate [B] commend [C] promote [D] elevate 2. [A] submitting [B] subjecting [C] subordinating [D] surrendering 3. [A] charged [B] denounced [C] scolded [D] accused 4. [A] assure [B] ensure [C] secure [D] guard 5. [A] speculating [B] spectating [C] specializing [D] sightseeing 6. [A] fall [B] get [C] cut [D] bring 7. [A] stung [B] bitten [C] chewed [D] licked 8. [A] retort [B] refute [C] respond [D] resolve 9. [A] abundantly [B] considerably [C] extensively [D] principally 10. [A] defend [B] beat [C] hold [D] ward 11. [A] upset [B] affected [C] effected [D] impressed 12. [A] or [B] for [C] but [D] if 13. [A] popularized [B] globalized [C] westernized [D] localized 14. [A] Accordingly[B] Interestingly [C] Surprisingly [D] Strikingly 15. [A] as [B] on [C] but [D] with 16. [A] accepted [B] approved [C] assumed [D] acknowledged 17. [A] but for [B] let alone [C] regardless of [D] much less 18. [A] cope [B] challenge [C] tackle [D] undertake 19. [A] matched [B] related [C] united [D] associated 20. [A] bonded [B] combined [C] merged [D] incorporated答案1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.B總體分析本文主要介紹了英國飲食存在的問題。第一至二段指出，英國政府和食品工業被指責導致肥胖患者的增多。第三段指出，一方面日本飲食因日益西化，肥胖問題變得嚴重；另一方面，日本飲食在英國很流行，被視為健康飲食。第四段指出適度飲酒對身體有益，但英國要應付的是與過度引酒相關的問題。

　　全文翻譯一份比較近的議會報告指責政府和食品工業導致肥胖患者增多。交通部門被指責在促進步行和騎車設施的發展方面做得不夠，而且屈從于代表汽車使用者的機動車組織的壓力。教育部被指責出賣學校的操場，在保證提供用于體育教學和游戲的充足設施方面做得不夠。英國的年輕人為足球和橄欖球而瘋狂，但更多的只是坐在家里看電視的“沙發土豆”。

　　食品工業被指控向學生兜售垃圾食品，在減少熟食中糖、脂肪和鹽含量方面做得不夠。受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物飲食潮流的刺激，食品工業已經有所反應，但是它要努力保護一個龐大的市場，而且如果要避開日益增多的規定，它需要做的事情還很多。

　　迄今為止，日本看上去受肥胖問題的影響較小，但是隨著日本人食譜的日益西化（夾餅和油炸圈餅），問題會變得嚴重。有趣的是，日式烹飪在英國很流行。它被看作是有別于地中海飲食的另一種健康飲食，后者著重于西紅柿和橄欖油以及與之相結合的紅酒。

　　稍飲紅酒現在被認為有利于心臟，更不用說紅酒其它令人振奮的品性。但是英國人還需要做許多事情來解決與狂飲文化有關的酗酒問題——包括暴力和破壞行為。有節制的酒類消費，只要不和駕駛行為搭伴，就是無害的并可能是有益的。