1.前置定語

　　98年 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

　　結構分析：這是一個復合句. But even more important是整個句子的狀語，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修飾the farthest的定語從句，for引導原因狀語從句(參見1995年71題)，在這個狀語從句中，what they were seeing是主語從句，were the patterns and structures是狀語從句中的系表結構，that existed…是修飾名詞patterns and structures的定語從句。

　　譯文： 但更為重要的是，這是科學家們所能觀察到的比較遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結構。

　　02年 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　結構分析：這是一個復合句。主句是由兩個并列的分句構成的：They are…, and they are;in which引導定語從句，修飾practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定語從句的謂語，given前面省略了助動詞is。

　　譯文： 自由和尊嚴(它們)是傳統理論定義的自主人所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負責并因其業績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

　　它們(自由和尊嚴)對于那種要求個人對自己的行為負責并因為其業績而受到贊揚的做法來說，是必不可少的。

　　2.獨立成句

　　當譯成前置定語會使句子變得臃腫，妨礙理解的時候，比較好讓其獨立成句。

　　94(72)"In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."

　　新學派的一位領袖人物堅持說：“簡而言之，我們所稱謂的科學革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發明和使用，這些改進、發明和使用使科學發展的范圍無所不及。”

　　contend堅決主張,聲稱[Y][+(that)]

　　The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.

　　警察強調說他們面臨的困難太嚴重了。

　　He left his job largely because he was homesick..他辭職不干主要是因為他想家。

　　We have countless reasons against his plan.我們有舉不勝舉的理由反對他的計劃。

　　96 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　基本結構：簡單句+時間狀語從句(主語+謂語+賓語+同位語從句(主語the specific demands +定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment+謂語cannot generally be foreseen in detail)

　　基本結構試譯：這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論：……

　　譯文：這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論：政府要向科研機構提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。

　　注意：不要將when引導的定語從句與時間狀語從句相混淆，當然也就不能when引導的定語從句翻譯成“當… 時候”。When引導定語從句前面一般是表示時間的詞作為先行詞，如果是過去時，when譯成“其時、屆時”“當時”“在那個時候”，如果是將來時態，則譯成“到時”“屆時”，有時候還可以譯成“然后”“隨后”。

　　The Queen will visit the small town in April, when she will open the new hospital.

　　女王將于四月訪問小鎮，到時，她將主持這家新醫院的開業儀式。

　　I expect to stay here no more than two days, when I shall return.

　　我預計在那兒呆兩天，隨后就回來。

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    準 考 證：下載打印時間安排 ♦ 準考證下載入口  ♦ 下載打印注意事項

    復習備考：考研大綱全解析  ♦ 2012考研沖刺復習專題 ♦  考研沖刺全攻略