2012考研英語翻譯比較后十一題8

　　UNIT8

　　Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values.” Who will use a technology and to what ends? 65)Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

　　2012考研英語翻譯比較后十一題8答案

　　UNIT8

　　61.難題這一大于所謂的行為科學幾乎全都依然從心態、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

　　62.行為科學之所以發展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

　　63.自然選擇在進化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環境在塑造和保持個體行為時的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認識和研究。

　　64.自由和尊嚴(它們)是傳統理論定義的自主人所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負責并因其業績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

　　65. (如果)這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術手段就會繼續受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續受到排斥。