When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family.
Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time.
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting—also known in America as voluntary simplicity—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.
[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C] A lateral move means stepping out of full-time employment.
[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting ________.
[A] enables her to realize her dream
[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69. Juggling one's life probably means living a life characterized by ________.
[A] non-materialistic lifestyle
[B] a bit of everything
[C] extreme stress
[D] anti-consumerism
70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of ________.
[A] the quick pace of modern life
[B] man's adventurous spirit
[C] man's search for mythical experiences
[D] the economic situation
重點單詞:
lateral /5lAtErEl/(側面的,旁邊的)可看作later+al,later即單詞后來,-al詞后綴,后來者只能靠邊站→旁邊的。在文中此詞用引申義,各參考書觀點不盡相同,請自甄別。
curiously /5kjuEriEsli/(好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly;curious(好奇的;奇怪的)即curi+ous,curi關心=care(因為元音可替換),-ous形容詞后綴有……性質的,故對某事非常關心的→好奇的。It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一個奇怪的事實是,在失意的日子里,我們能夠生動地想起不復存在的美好時光;而在得意的時候,對苦難的日子卻只留有非常淡漠而殘缺的記憶。←這是德國哲學家叔本華說的,其代表作《作為意志與表象的世界》是guangxian比較欣賞的哲學作品,商務印書館出過中譯本。
downshifting /5daun7FiftiN/←down+shift+ing,原義指汽車調檔減速,文中指放慢生活節奏。
passionate /5pAFEnit/(充滿熱情的)即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),-ate此作形容詞后綴。A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language.一個詩人首先是個熱愛語言的人。Death is the only pure, beautiful conclusion of a great passion.死是偉大激情的唯一純潔與美麗的終結。Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong. have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.有三種情感,雖樸實卻無可抗拒地主宰著我的生命:對愛的渴望,對知識的探求,以及對人類所受苦難的憐憫。Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切偉大的追求中,對所有創造性的活動都是必不可少的。
preach /pri:tF/(v.鼓吹;布道)可看作pr(e)+each,pre-前綴在前,each每個,牧師走到每個人面前→布道。Preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不說些什么,而是由于你有些話要說。
resignation /7rezi^5neiFEn/(辭職;順從)←resign+ation名詞后綴;resign(v.辭職;順從)←re+sign,re-前綴=away或=again,sign簽署,故簽署后離開→辭職,再次簽署→順從。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所謂順從就是確定了的絕望。no resign oneself to being defeated不甘心于失敗。
editorship /5editEFip/(編輯職務,編輯工作)←editor+ship,editor(編輯者),-ship抽象名詞后綴表性質、職位、資格等,如:friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine /5dCktrin/(教義;學說)←doctr+ine,doctr=doctor(元音可增減),-ine名詞后綴表物,故教授拿來講授的東西→教義。參vaccine(疫苗),2003年Text 2.The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.比較大的智者不鼓吹任何學說,沒有任何體系。
juggle /5dVQ^l/(n.v.雜耍)發音與滬方言對撲克牌中Jack的發音同,拿撲克牌玩雜耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑,文中juggle引申為忙忙碌碌。
deadline /5dedlain/(比較后期限)←dead+line.
Newsletter /5njU:z7letE/(時事通訊,簡報)←news+letter.
cling-film(食品保鮮膜)←cling粘著+film薄膜。
equivalent /i5kwivElEnt/(相等的,等價的;相等物,等價物)即equi+val+ent,equi相等(如:equal相等的),val價值(如:value價值),-ent后綴。In truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.禮貌實際上是人為的好性情,它掩蓋了它天生的不足,結果給慣于此道者提供了與真正美德幾乎相當的代用品。
drop out退隱,逃避現實。
redundancy /ri5dQndEnsi/(冗余)即red+und+ancy,red-(=re-),und詞根多,-ancy名詞后綴,越來越(re)多→冗余。同根詞:abundant(豐富的)←ab加強前綴+und多+ant形容詞后綴。redundancy—an air-bag in a politician‘s car多余物-政治家汽車里的保險氣袋。
thrift /Wrift/(節儉;繁榮)可記:節儉導致繁榮;thrifty(節儉的;繁榮的)←thrift+y形容詞后綴。thrift→thrive(v.繁榮),類似變化的單詞有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.節儉就是今天為明天的需要作準備。
mythical /5miWikEl/(神話的;虛構的)←myth神話+ical后綴。myth—a religion in which no one any longer believes神話-一種沒有人再信仰的宗教。
recognition /7rekE^5niFEn/(n.認出,承認)是recognise(或recognize)的名詞形式。Three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true; that what we like is not necessarily good; and that all questions are open.有三條基本真理,如果不承認就不會有實在的自由:我們相信的未必真實,我們喜愛的未必美好,一切問題都無定論。The highest possible stage in moral culture is when we recognize that we ought to control thoughts.道德修養有可能達到的比較高境界是認識到我們應該控制自己的思想。A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized.所謂名人不過是這樣一種人:他終生勤奮努力而致成名,然后戴上墨鏡以免被別人認出。
adventurous /Ed5ventFErEs/(喜冒險的;充滿危險的)←adventur(e)冒險+ous形容詞后綴。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批評家是個講述自己的精神在杰作中歷險的人。adventure—the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social冒險-個人歷史和社會歷史中的維生素。
難句解析:
①A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career alhough, in the manner of a disgraced government ministe, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family。▲本句中a lateral move是主語,promoted是謂語,that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定語,although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family是狀語,其中逗號之間的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入語。
△注意找準主句主謂結構。
②Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.▲本句主干是…… my experiment…… has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.注意其謂語是一個turn sth. into sth.的結構。前面兩個逗號之間的是時間狀語。
△注意抓句子的主干,其中主語的修飾部分in what the Americans term downshifting看不懂可以跳過去。當然,如果我們對英語的預感較好,就可以猜測downshifting一詞的意思與駕駛騎車有關,在這里,作者把生活比喻為開車,因此放棄對物質生活的熱衷追求就像在開車時減檔減速一樣。
③I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.▲I have discovered是主句的主謂結構,that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的賓語,其中abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting為該賓語從句的主語,brings為謂語。as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress既是伴隨狀語,又是插入語,其主語為Kelsey,謂語為will,而after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress是本插入語中的時間狀語。
△注意一些詞匯的含義:much-publicized十分張揚的;She是雜志的名字,因此首字母須大寫;build-up積聚;juggling忙碌;brings with it far greater rewards than帶來的利益遠遠不止……。
④Downshifting—also known in America as voluntary simplicity—has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism.▲本句的句子結構是Downshifting has bred a new area,破折號之間的是插入結構,ironically也是插入語,可放在句首,what相當于thought which.
△重點是抓住句子的主干成分。
⑤While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ‘80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.▲本句首先應該從in Britain的前面一分為二,前面講的是在美國的情況,其中破折號之間的是一插入成分,而后面講的是在英國的情況。
△注意英美兩國的差異。
⑥For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.▲本句主謂結構為…… downshifting in the mid-‘90s is not……。who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s是修飾the women of my generation的定語從句。growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one既是插入語,又是the mythical good life的同位語。
△注意not so much A(a search for the mythical good life) as B(a personal recognition of your limitations)的句式含義,即與其說是A,不如說是B。
試題解析:
67. [B]意為:作者因環境所迫而辭職。
根據第一段,當作者決定辭去她的全職工作時,她從沒有想到自己可能成為一個國際新時尚的一分子。作者寫道,一次始料未及的行動傷害了我的自尊,阻礙了我在工作上的進一步發展,使得我不得不放棄相對具有良好公眾形象的工作生涯,雖然當時自己像一個出丑的政府部長一樣,不得不用我想多花些時間和家人在一起這樣的話來掩飾自己的辭職。
A意為:全職工作是一種新的國際時尚。第一句中所說的新時尚實際上指下文提到的激流勇退(downshifting),過簡樸而無強工作壓力的生活。
C意為:一次意想不到的行動指放棄全職工作。lateral原來的意思是橫向的,這里意思是超出預料的,含義是沒有按原設定好的進程而發生的;move意為步驟或行動。根據原文,a lateral move是作者失去工作的原因,而不是指失去工作這一過程本身。
D意為:作者太想多花點時間和家人在一起了。
68. [B]意為:使作者形成了一種新的生活哲學。
作者在第二段指出,奇怪的是,經過了約兩年半的時間并發表了兩部小說以后,我在美國人稱之為激流勇退的生活方式上的實驗,卻不期將我那乏味的借口(指第一段比較后一句掩飾性的話)轉化為實實在在的現實。我從一個全力以赴生活哲學-在過去七年里Linda Kelsey一直在她這份雜志上鼓吹這種生活方式-的積極倡導者,演變成一個樂于隨遇而安的女人。
在第三段作者又指出,像Linda Kelsey有一天也許會認識到的那樣(在經歷過越來越大的壓力之后,她辭去了她雜志的編輯工作,她的辭職被炒得沸沸揚揚),摒棄玩耍生活的生活哲學,而代之以激流勇退的生活哲學,會給人帶來比經濟上的成功和社會地位更高的益處。現在,誰也不能勸我再回到Kelsey所倡導的-并且我自己也曾經喜歡的那種生活方式中去了:一天工作12小時,充滿壓力的一件件有比較后期限的事情,辦公室規章所帶來的可怕的壓力,以及做母親(所能花在家人身上)的有限的高質量時間。
A不對。新的生活方式是她始料未及的,可以說是她的意外發現-辭職時她并沒有夢想要像現在這樣生活。
C意為:促使她放棄了自己很高的社會地位。根據原文,作者是在辭去工作以后才過上現在這種生活的。
D意為:使她接受了她雜志所倡導的生活哲學。恰恰相反,她放棄了這一生活哲學。
69. [C]意為:極度緊張。
juggle的原義是耍弄,擺弄,在第三段中,juggling your life和downshifting相提并論,而downshifting這里應該和第二段第二句中的settle for a bit of everything屬于同義,相應地,juggling one‘s life應該和第二段第二句中的having it all同義。根據第四段,downshifting本文指過簡樸、自在的生活,那么,juggling one’s life當指進取的生活方式,工作中的不斷進取當然是與工作壓力成正比的。
A意為:不追求物質利益的生活方式。根據第四段第一句,這是downshifting的生活特點。
B不對。根據第二段,這也是downshifting的生活特點。
D意為:反消費主義。根據第四段第二句,所謂反消費主義與自愿過簡樸的生活是一致的。
70. [D]
根據第五段,在美國,這種趨勢(指上一段提到的downshifting生活方式)的出現比較初是對經濟衰退的一種反應。
A意為:快節奏的現代生活。
B意為:人們的冒險精神。
C意為;人們對神秘的生活體驗的追求。
全文翻譯:
當我決定辭去自己的全日制工作時決沒有想到,自己竟成了一種新的國際性潮流的一分子。一次平級的人事調動傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業發展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業,當然,就像面子掃盡的政府部長那樣,我也掩飾說我只想與家人更多的呆在一起。
奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時間我寫完兩部小說后,我這個被美國人稱為放慢生活節奏的試驗,卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現實。我已從一個獲得一切哲學(琳達。凱茜過去七年中在《她》這本雜志所宣揚的)的狂熱支持者,變成了一個樂于接受任何東西只要一丁點的女人。
我已經發現(由于壓力過大,凱茜已多次公開宣稱要辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務,在這之后她也許會有同樣發現),放棄忙忙碌碌的生活哲學,轉而過一種放慢生活節奏的生活所帶來的回報,比經濟成功和社會地位更有價值。什么也說服不了我回到過去那種凱茜所宣揚的、我也曾自得其樂的生活中去:每天12小時的工作日,壓得人喘不過氣來的比較后期限,可怕而緊張的辦公室的爭權奪利,以及因為時間有限連做母親也得高效率所造成的種種限制。
在美國,擺脫忙碌,轉而過一種簡單、不大物質化的生活已成明確趨勢。具有諷刺意味的是,放慢生活節奏-在美國也稱自愿簡單化-甚至孕育了一個嶄新的、可稱之為反消費主義的生活方式。對于那些想簡單生活的人來說,有許多很暢銷的幫你輕松生活的自助書籍;有各種簡訊,例如省錢簡報,會給美國人提供成千上萬條有用的點子去做事,從回收保鮮臘到自制肥皂;甚至還有一些幫助團體,幫人按90年代中期脫離傳統社會的人的生活方式去生活。
在美國,這種趨勢一開始是對經濟衰落所做出的一種反應-出現于80年代后期縮小經濟規模所引起的大量人員冗余之后-在英國,至少在我所認識的中產階級的簡化生活者中,這種趨勢仍被認為與節儉政治有關聯,雖然如此,然而我們有著不同的緣由去尋求使自己的生活簡單化。
對我們這一代女性來說,整個80年代我們曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋求神話般的好生活-自己種有機蔬菜以及冒險制造有機蔬菜-倒不如說我們都認識了自身的局限。
結束
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