1.分詞的性質(zhì)：具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語，
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，且動作在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示被動，或動作已完成。

    2.分詞的形式：例： write（vt） rise （vi）

    主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動過去分詞時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí) writing being written rising
risen 完成時(shí) having written having been written having risen

    3.用法：

    （1 ）定語分詞置于被修飾名詞前分詞短語于置于被修飾名詞后a sleeping
baby = a baby who is sleeping a running dog = a dog which is running a
broken glass = a glass which is broken a beaten team = a team which is
beaten（beaten是被打敗的意思）

    This is the problem discussed at the last meeting. The problem being
discussed is very important.

    （2 ）表語：The book is interesting. He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting. He feels excited.

    （3 ）賓語補(bǔ)足語：When I woke up， I found my mother sitting beside
me. I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：動詞不定式作賓語表
示動作的全過程，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動概念。

    （4 ）狀語：（以下例句值得一背！）

    ① If you turn to the left， you'll find the station. → Turning to
the left， you'll find the station. ② As I didn't receive her letter ，
I called her up by telephone. → Not receiving her letter ， I called
her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning，
I met a friend. → Walking to school yesterday morning， I met a friend.
④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit， she answered that she
was a heavy smoker. → Asked if she had any bad habit ， she answered
that she was a heavy smoker.

    你知道嗎？注意：在運(yùn)用此類句型時(shí)主語前后要保持一致。

    ① When school was over ， the boys went home.→ Being over ， the
boys went home. ×School being over ， the boys went home.√② As my homework
has been done ， I have nothing else to do. → My homework having been
done， I have nothing else to do. ③ If weather permits ， I'll start
tomorrow. → Weather permitting ， I'll start tomorrow.

    4.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)表示此動作與主句謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。

    現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示此動作在主句謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。

    Entering the room ， he saw he. （幾乎同時(shí)）

    Not having tried his best ， he failed in the exam. （分詞動作在前）

    5.語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)被動表動作正在被進(jìn)行，完成時(shí)被動強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表
示的動作先被完成。

    The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us. Having been warned
of typhoon， the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor. （漁民先被告
知而后駛向港口）

    測試精編

    1.The ________ news made them ________. A. excite / exciting B. exciting
/ excited C. exciting / to be excited D. excited / excited

    2. ________ an answer from the committee， he was worried. A. Having
not got B. Getting not C. Not having got D. Having not been got

    3. ________ ， all the quarrels came to an end. A. The lost money
was found B. Was the lost money found C. Because the lost money found
D. With the lost money found

    4. Many of our dreams ________ impossible in the past have come true.
A. were considered B. to be considered C. considering D. considered

    5. The hall was so noisy for the speaker to make himself ________.
A. hear B. being heard C. hearing D. heard

    6. After a whole day's heavy work ， the old worker returned home ，
________. A. hungry and exhausted B. hungry and exhausting C. hungry and
being exhausted D. hungry and exhaust

    （后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看哦~ （*^__^*）嘻嘻……）

    KEYS

    1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. A