（一）代詞概述

    代詞用來代替名詞，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，有時還可以充當(dāng)定語。

    代詞在考試命題中主要是代詞格的變化、代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式以及不定代詞和it
的用法等。

    （二）基本知識梳理

    1.人稱代詞：主格作主語，賓格用作及物動詞和介詞的賓語。

    He often helps me. Who is at the door ？ It's me. The bicycle belongs
to Tom and me.出現(xiàn)并列主語或賓語時，其排列順序為：單數(shù)時是第二、第三、
第一人稱（簡稱231 ）即you ，he and I或you ，her and me；復(fù)數(shù)時是第一、
第二、第三人稱（簡稱123 ）即we，you and they或us，you and them.

    2.物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞作定語，后加名詞；而名詞性物主代詞等于
形容詞性物主代詞加名詞。如： This is my book. = This book is mine.名詞
性物主代詞可做主語、賓語和表語。如：Your pen is blue. Mine is blue，too.
May I use your pen？ I've lost mine. She is a classmate of his. The bike
is hers.

    3.反身代詞：用作賓語和起強調(diào)作用。

    1 ）作賓語Help yourself to some cakes. I can look at myself in the
mirror. They should think more of the public health than themselves.

    2 ）作強調(diào)We do homework by ourselves. I myself go to the airport
to meet my uncle.

    4.指示代詞

    1 ）this，that，these ，those What's this （that）？ It's a book.
What are these（those ）？ They are books. this 和these 比較靠近，that
和those 稍遠一點。

    2 ）it的用法（1 ）指物：It's a robot. （2 ）指自然現(xiàn)象： It's raining
now ， but it will be fine soon.（3 ）指時間：What time is it ？ It's
8 o'clock.（4 ）指距離：It's twenty minutes' walk.（5 ）作形式主語：It's
important for us to fight pollution. It took me half an hour to finish
the work. It's kind of you to say so. （6 ）作形式賓語： We think it necessary
to relax from time to time.

    5.不定代詞

    1 ）some，any

    some用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑問句中。如：There are some pens
on the desk. There aren't any pens on the desk. Are there any pens on
the desk？

    Some are Chinese. Others are English. 在表示請求、建議、反問等句子
中，用some而不是用any.如：Would you like some drink ？

    any 也可以表示任何一個。如：Do you know any of her friends？

    If you have any questions ， you can ask me.

    2 ）復(fù)合不定代詞：something ， anything ，nothing ，everything，somebody，
anybody ，nobody，everybody ，someone ，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，
anywhere，nowhere ，everywhere這些不定代詞都作單數(shù)，表示“某物”、“某
人”、“某地”。

    （1 ）作主語：Someone is waiting for you. No one is in the classroom.

    （2 ）作賓語：Have you got anything to say？

    Did you see anything else in the classroom？

    （3 ）不定代詞被形容詞修飾時，定語放在它們的后面。如：I ‘ve got something
interesting to tell you. There's nothing new in the newspaper.

    3 ）a few ，few ，a little，little前兩者修飾可數(shù)名詞，后兩者修飾不
可數(shù)名詞。few ，little表示否定，意思是幾乎沒有；a few ，a little表示肯
定，意思是還有幾個、有一點。如：There is still a little time left ， you
needn't hurry. I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.

    4 ）both（兩者都，復(fù)數(shù)），all （三者以上都，復(fù)數(shù)），neither （兩者
都不，單數(shù)），none（三者以上都不，單復(fù)數(shù)），either（兩者中的一個，單數(shù)），
both……and ， neither……nor ， either ……or

    （1 ）作主語：Both of the twins are doctors. All of them are honest.
Neither of them is a doctor. None of them is/are honest.（2 ）詞組：Both
Li Ping and I are students. Neither Li Ping nor I am a student. （3 ）

    作形容詞：on both sides of the river on either side of the river

    注意下面句子轉(zhuǎn)化：Both of them are teachers.改成否定句是： Neither
of them is a teacher. All of us are students. 改成否定句是： None of us
is a student. 或： None of us are students.

    5 ）one ……the other （s ）表示一個……其余的……，是有范圍的；some
……others表示一些……另一些……，是無范圍的；another 表示很多中的另一
個，再……個。如：He has two brothers. One is an engineer ， the other
is a writer. Some like football. Others like basketball. Some books on
the shelf are in Chinese， the others in English. She will be in hospital
for another two weeks.（她將在醫(yī)院再住兩星期。）