同等學力英語輔導—動詞不定式二

九、不定式的邏輯主語： for+ 名詞（代詞） + 不定式

1. It's just impossible for a child to do that job.

2. It is necessary for goods to be packed in strong cases.

•  當表語形容詞為 good, kind, nice, honest, wise, clever, right, thoughtful, tactful （老練的） , polite, courteous （禮貌的） , sensible, bold, bad, stupid, cruel （殘忍的） , rude, impolite, wrong, silly 等可以修飾人的行為、性格特征等詞語時，不定式的邏輯主語由 “of+ 名詞（代詞） + 不定式 ” 構成。

1. It is wise of him to settle the case that way.

2. It's kind of you to say so.

 

十、動詞不定式的時態

•  不定式的一般形式所表示的動作，通常與謂語的動作（狀態）同時（或幾乎同時）發生，或是在它之后發生。

e.g. I saw him go out.

•  如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行，這時不定式就要用進行式。

e.g. 1. I am very glad to be working with you.

2. You won't want to be washing at this time of night.

•  如果不定式的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，就要用完成式。

e.g. 1. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

2. To have known her is a privilege.

十一、動詞不定式的被動式

e.g. 1. He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

2. It is possible for our hopes to be realized .

3. The problem remains to be solved .

•  在 want, like, wish, have, get, leave, see, watch, hear, make 等動詞后用作賓語補語的被動不定式可省去 to be.

e.g. 1. When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult to make myself understood.

2. You will see this product advertised wherever you go.

•  不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關系時，不定式用主動形式。

e.g. Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door.)

•  不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式常用主動形式。

e.g. 1. I have got a letter to write. (I write letter)

2. He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room.)

3. I know what to do. (I do what.) 這句話改成從句要用被動形式： I know what is to be done.

•  不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動形式。

e.g. 1. He is hard to talk to. (to talk to him)

2. The book is difficult to understand.

(to understand the book)

•  在 there be 的結構中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式，如果說話人強調的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動形式。

e.g. 1. There is a lot of work to do.

(Somebody has to do the work.)

2. There is a lot of work to be done.

(The work has to be done.)

3. There is nothing to do. 意為無事可做，感到十分乏味。

4. There is nothing to be done. 意為某東西壞了，無法使之恢復正常。

•  有些句子習慣上須用不定式被動式。

e.g. 1. Such things are to be seen any day.

這種事哪一天都可遇到。

2. This is a day never to be forgotten.

這是令人難忘的一天。

3. There was no sound to be heard.

聽不到有什么聲音。

4. Sure you know what is to be done.

你肯定知道應該怎么辦。

•  雙重被動式： be+ 過去分詞 + 不定式被動式

常用這種雙重被動式的動詞有 allow, announce, attempt, believe, desire, enable, expect, intend, know, mean, order, permit, propose, report, say 等。

e.g. 1. The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.

2. I let him know what was intended to be done .

3. More than 250 tons of oranges are expected to be harvested this year in the county.

4. The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty-five years ago when Dr. Alice became its first president.

配套練習：

1. It ' s most foolish _____ so.

A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying

2. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away.

A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent

3. We are all afraid _____ by robbers.

A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed

4. I ' m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room.

A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn

C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning

5. — Do you get someone _____ your clothes?

— Yes, I often have them _____.

A. wash/washed B. to wash/washed C. washing/wash D. washed/washing

6. You will make great progress in the days _____.

A. coming B. that to come C. when to come D. to come

7. — Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the play?

— Whom would you rather have _____ with you, George or me?

A. to go B. go C. gone D. going

8. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn ' t turned up yet.

A. having met B. meeting C. to have met D. to meet

9. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.

A. not to have eaten B. not to eat

C. didn ' t eat D. to not have eaten

10. To learn to speak English well, _____.

A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice

C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice

11. We didn ' t expect our offer _____ so quickly.

A. rejected B. to rejected C. to be rejected D. rejecting

12. I went to see him _____ him out.

A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to find

13. We have been looking for the boy all the morning, but he is nowhere _____.

A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen

14. You look light-hearted. Nothing seems _____ to you.

A. to happen B. to have been happened

C. to have happened D. to be happened

15. The matter had better _____ as it is.

A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. be left

16. What he said made us deeply _____.

A. move B. moved C. to move D. moving

17. He likes parties. He is always the first _____ and the last _____.

A. coming/leaving B. to come/leave C. come/leave D. to come/to leave

答案：

1. B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.D