同等學力英語輔導——名詞性從句 名詞性從句由引導連詞 that, whether; 連接代詞 what, who, whom, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever; 以及連接副詞 when, where, why, how 等引導，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 一、主語從句 主語從句能用 it 作形式上的主語。 1. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 2. It happened that I was out that day. 3. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. if 引導的主語從句只能放句尾，而 whether 引導的主語從句既可放句首，也可放在句尾。 1. Whether there is life on other planets is not yet know. 2. It's not sure if he will succeed. 當 that 引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時，要以 it 作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 連接代詞 whoever, whatever, whichever 可引導主語從句 1. Whoever comes will be welcome. 2. Whatever he did was right. 二、賓語從句 如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則用 it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 連詞 that 引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在 except, but, in 后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞 that 引導，則需用 it 先行一步，作形式賓語。 1. He is a good student except that he is careless. 2. You may depend on it that they will support you. 某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有 sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等，連詞 that 可省略。（有些語法書認為是狀語從句） 1. I am not sure what I ought to do. 2. I'm afraid you don't understand what I said. 3. Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. if 和 whether 引導的賓語從句可以互換使用，但 whether 常和 or not 連用， if 則不與 or not 連用；賓語從句是否定句時，一般用 if 引導。 1. I wonder whether it is true or not. 2. I don't care if it doesn't rain. 為避免引起歧義，常用 whether 引導賓語從句。 比較： 1. Please let me know if you want to go. 2. Please let me know whether you want to go. 作介詞賓語只能用 whether, 不能用 if 。 Everything depends on whether we have enough experience. 介詞賓語不可以用 which 來引導，而要用 what 來引導。 Are you sorry for what you've done? 連接代詞 whoever, whatever, whichever 可引導賓語從句 1. I'll show you whatever you want to see. 2. You may choose whoever you like. doubt 一詞作“懷疑”解接賓語從句時，主句為肯定句用 whether 或 if ，主句為否定句或疑問句用 that 。 1. I doubt whether he will come soon. 2. I do not doubt that he will come soon. 3. Do you doubt that he will come soon? 4. I doubt that he will come. ( 轉換詞意：認為 …… 未必可能 ) 三、表語從句 系動詞 be, seem, look 等后，可接由 as if 引導的表語從句。 It looked as if it was going to rain. 連詞 because 可引導表語從句。 1. I think it is because you are doing too much. 2. My anger is because he hadn't written to me for a long time. 四、同位語從句 用以說明抽象名詞的具體內容，常見的同位語從句抽象名詞有： fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear, promise, answer, condition, report 等。 1. We heard the news that our team had won. 2. He can't answer the question how he got the money. 連接代詞 who, what, whose, which 不能引導同位語從句。 配套練習： 1. The question is ____ the film is worth seeing ． A ． if B ． what C ． whether D ． how 2. One of the men held the view ____ the book said was right ． A ． that what B ． what that C ． that D ． whether 3. They received orders ____ the work be done at once ． A ． which B ． when C ．／ D ． that 4. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge , I can't remember ____. A ． where B ． there C ． which D ． that 5. Energy is ____ makes things work ． A ． what B ． everything C ． something D ． anything 6. The reason ____ I have to go is my mother ____ is ill in bed ． A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 7. He doesn't think the question of ____ they are men or women is important ． A. whether B. if C. which D. why 8. He often thinks of ____ he can do more for his country ． A. what B. how C. that D. which 9. It was ordered that all the soldiers ____ to the front ． A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 10. Air is to us ____ water is to fish ． A. is that B. what C. which D. that 11. The photographs will show you ____ ． A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 12. He asked ____ for a violin ． A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 13. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full ． A ． it B ． that C ． these D ． them 14. Does ____ matter if he can't finish the job on time ？ A ． this B ． that C ． he D ． it 15. What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon ． A ． when B ． how C ． whether D ． why 16. ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A ． If B ． Whether C ． That D ． Where 17. ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have. A. What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what 18.______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 20. Go and get your coat. It's ____ you left it. A. where B. there C. there where D. where there 答案： 1-5 CADCA 6-10 CABCB 11-15 BDADC 16-20 BAACA