例句:
There is a real possibility (A) that (B) these animals could (C) be frightened, there should (D) be a loud moise.
(答案:D should there,虛擬條件句省略if)
Suddenly, Gallup's name was on everyone's lips (A)not only he was (B) the prophet of the moment, but (C) it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D) and most important method of prediction.(1996年考題)
(答案:B was he, not only置于分句首,謂語動詞應倒裝)
Little did we expected (A) that he would (B) fulfil (C) his task so rapidly (D) .
(答案:A expect,前面已有助動詞did)
Many people take it (A) for granted (B) that the more one has children (C) , the more secure one's late years (D) will be.
(答案:C children one has, the more…the more結構)
However (A) he tried hard (B) , he still (C) failed in (D) the entrance exam. (答案:B移至however之后)
Why should he (A) have gone (B) to the free trade zone I don't know;but he did go (C) , remaining (D) away the whole day.
(答案:A he should,疑問詞引導名詞性從句)
[辨錯思路]
1.如果兩個句子之間沒有連接詞而使其構成并列或從屬結構,就要分析一下其中之一是否是省略了if采用倒裝的虛擬條件句。
2.如果試題句子起首部分出現(xiàn)了某些要求倒裝結構的詞語,則應進一步觀察句內(nèi)結構是否已按規(guī)則調(diào)整。
3.切記however, no matter how, more幾個詞的共性是修飾語,必須放在所修飾的詞前面,決不能將它們所修飾的詞分開。
4.以wh-開頭的句子不都是疑問句(可以通過標點符號判斷),而恰恰更多的是名詞性從句,語序應為陳述句語序。
5.注意觀察已倒裝結構中謂語動詞在人稱、數(shù)上是否與主語一致,時態(tài)是否與句子所提供的時間概念吻合。
[改錯要領]
熟悉下列出現(xiàn)在句首、要求句子結構倒裝的詞和句型是做好此類試題的關鍵。
1.以否定詞和具有否定意義的詞組開頭的句子:
no, not, neither, nor, never, nowhere;
little, seldom, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely;
no longer, no less, no more, no sooner…than;
not until, even less, not once, not only…;
under no circumstances, in no way, by no means, in vain, on no account, at no time, at hardly any place.
2.以only+狀語(副詞、介詞短語、從句)起首的句子:
only then, only at that time, only once…;
only in this way, only with…, only through…, only by…;
only when…, only after….only because….
3.以某些程度副詞開頭的句子:often, so, well.
4.以such或短語開頭的句子:to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, etc.
5.以as引導讓步狀語從句時,從句中狀語或表語要放在as前。
6.某些表示方向、位置的副詞開頭的句子,主謂要全部顛倒:out, down, up, in,…
七、形容詞、副詞和比較結構常見錯誤設置及答題思路
[常見錯誤]
1.誤用-ly副詞作系動詞表語或賓語補足語(見1996年考題4)。
2.混用由-ing分詞和-ed分詞轉(zhuǎn)化的兩種形容詞。
3.誤用形容詞修飾形容詞或分詞。
4.誤將沒有比較級形式的形容詞用于比較級形式。
5.比較結構有誤,即原級比較結構與比較級結構混在一起使用,或比較級形容詞用于as…as…結構,原級形容詞用于…than…結構。
6.比較對象不一致,即不是同類事物相比較。
例句:
A Four-year (A) study by the Infant Testing Center suggests that babies (B) feel more comfortably (C) around other (D) babies than with adults.
(答案:C comfortable,形容詞作表語)
We found the poetry quite pleased (a) in form (B);I had (C) never seen one like it (D) before.
(答案:A pleasing,此處應用-ing分詞)
If (A) you want a real (B) effective stereo that plays (C) music clearly, youd better buy (D) a graphic equalizer.(1995年考題)
(答案:B really,副詞修飾形容詞)
His method of doing (A) research work is hardly (B) appreciated;he feels (C) more inferior than (D) others.
(答案:D inferior to, inferior沒有比較級形式)
On the whole (A) , ambitious students are much likely (B) to succeed in their studies than are those (C) with (D) little ambition.
(答案:B more likely,應用比較級形式,與句中than對應)
Despite (A) this similarity with other (B) creatures, the evolution of humankind differs from other species (C) in one (D) important and unique way.(1996年考題) (答案:C that of other species,比較對象應一致)
[辨錯思路]
1.如果題句中形容詞或副詞劃有橫線,作為選擇項,考生應當馬上反應到是否其用法有錯誤,然后根據(jù)句中提供的其他信息判斷是副詞修飾形容詞方面有錯誤、形容詞作表語、補語方面有錯誤,還是比較結構、比較對象有錯誤。
2.一般說來,句中有形容詞、副詞比較級形式就應該有比較連詞,反之亦然,因為more…than…是連在一起使用的對應結構,只有其一,沒有其二是錯誤的。據(jù)此即便不懂得句子的意思,也能辨別出結構錯誤。
3.同樣, as…as…是與形容詞、副詞原級一起出現(xiàn)的對應結構,因此,如果句中有原級形容詞又有比較連詞than,就是錯誤的;反過來,形容詞比較級形式如出現(xiàn)在as…as…結構中也是錯誤的。
4.在同級比較結構中so總是用于否定句中,即…not so…as…,如句中出現(xiàn)了so+形容詞+as…結構,考生就應去尋找否定詞not,如果沒有,就應分析一下是否應是肯定句結構as…as…,如1996年辨錯改錯題(2)。
5.如果確認結構上沒有錯誤,考生應仔細推敲句子語義,弄清是誰跟誰在作比較,比較對象是否一致,對比成分是否采用相同形式。
6.如果句中出現(xiàn)最高級形式-est或most…,卻沒有比較范圍,或者最高級形式與than用在一起,都是錯誤的。
[改錯要領]
1.牢固掌握最基本的比較結構句型。
2.下列形容詞沒有比較級形式,表示比較時后面用to,不用than:
inferior minor senior prior
superior major junior preferable
3.注意下列受副詞修飾的形容詞的位置:
so
as
too
how
however+形容詞+a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
如:too large a room
such
what
quite
rather+a+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
如:quite a large room
結束
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