三、情態(tài)動詞常見錯誤設置及答題思路
[常見錯誤]
1.考情態(tài)動詞表達推斷、預測的邏輯意義。
2.考"情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成式"表達的虛擬意義。
所設置的錯誤通常出現(xiàn)在情態(tài)動詞后接的動詞形式上,即是接不定式的一般式,還是接不定式的完成式。
例句:
That small country at one time (A) must be (B) prosperous, for (C) it enjoyed a high level (D) of civilization.
(答案:B must have been,表示對過去的肯定推測)
In a (A) way I agree with you, but I think (B) you could present (C) your arguement in a much better (D) way.
(答案:C could have presented,表示"本來可以…"但實際沒有做的虛擬意義)
I regret having left (A) the work unfinished (B)I should plan (C) everything ahead (D) carefully.
(答案:C should have planned,表示"本應該做"而實際未做的虛擬意義)
A piece of evidence shows (A) that life may exist (B) on earth (C) 38 billion years ago (D) .
(答案:B may have existed,表示根據(jù)邏輯推理對過去事情作出的可能性推測)
I got up early (A) but I didn't need to do (B) so, because (C) I had no work to do (D) that morning.
(答案:B needn't have done,表示做了不必做的事)
He knew (A) that she mustn't have taken (B) the book as (C) she hadn't been (D) in the house at that time.
(答案:B couldn't have taken,表示對過去的否定推測)
[辨錯思路]
反復閱讀題句,正確理解句子的含義,確定其表達推測、判斷的語氣是強烈還是緩和(委婉),語義是禁止、允許、勸阻、警告、評論還是惋惜,據(jù)此辨別句中劃線的情態(tài)動詞用詞是否準確,所接動詞形式是否符合語義要求,從而找出錯誤所在。從以往試題來看,有關情態(tài)動詞的錯誤大都設置在該接動詞完成式而誤用一般式,請考生注意這一點。
[改錯要領]
把握不同的情態(tài)動詞加動詞不定式完成式表示的各種意義:
1.must have+過去分詞,表示對過去情況的強烈肯定推測,譯為"(昨天)一定…"。
2.can't/couldn't have+過去分詞,表示對過去情況的強烈否定推測,譯為"(昨天)一定沒…"。
3.may/might have+過去分詞,表示對已發(fā)生的事情作不肯定、可能性很小的推測,或事實上根本沒發(fā)生,譯為"也許…"。
4.needn't have+過去分詞,表示作了不必做的事,譯為"其實沒必要…"。
5.should(n't)have+過去分詞,表示應該做其事,但實際上未做或不應該做但實際上做了,譯為"本(不)應該…"。
6.ought to have+過去分詞,表示動作按理該發(fā)生了,譯為"該…"。
7.could have+過去分詞,表示過去本來可以做,但卻未做,譯為"完全可以…"。
注意下面幾個情態(tài)動詞的習慣用法:
had better do…(沒有不定式符號to)
had better not do…(not的位置不在had后面)
would like to do…(帶to)
would not like to do…(注意not的位置)
used to do…(to后接動詞原形,不是ing形式)
四、非謂語動詞常見錯誤設置及答題思路
[常見錯誤]
1.該用不定式作賓語而錯用了動名詞,或反之。
2.該用不定式完成式而錯用了一般式。
3.該用不定式或動名詞被動態(tài)而錯用了主動態(tài)。
4.該用過去分詞而錯用了現(xiàn)在分詞。
5.分詞放在句首時,其邏輯主語與句子主語不一致,構成垂懸分詞的錯誤。
例句:
Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .
(答案:C to be seen,與she是受動關系)
You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) .
(答案:D being challenged, enjoy要求動名詞作賓語)
When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) .
(答案:A carrying,與邏輯主語car為施動關系,即"車載著…")
People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake.
(答案:B puzzled,過去分詞表示承受動作后所處的狀態(tài))
Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.
(答案:A having blamed,此處regret要求接動名詞,其完成式表明blame發(fā)生在regret之前)
When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B) , I cannot help but believing (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift.
(答案:C believe,習慣用法cannot help but do)
The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) in broad (D) daylight yesterday.
(答案:C to have been robbed, yesterday是修飾不定式的,用完成式表示動作已發(fā)生)
Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work.
(答案:A可以考慮改為If we use,全句最好改為If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主語data不可能作分詞using的邏輯主語)
結束
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