點擊查看：2012年5月同等學力申碩考試真題及答案

 　　閱讀理解

　　In her international bestselling Talk to the Hand, author Lynne Truss argues that common courtesies such as saying “Excuse me” are practically extinct. There are certainly plenty who would agree with her.

　　Is it true? We decided to find out by experiments. In dozens of American cities, our reporters performed two experiments: “door tests”( would anyone hold one open for them?); and “document drops”(who would help them retrieve a pile of “accidentally” dropped papers?). Along the way, the reporters encountered all types: men and women of different races, ages, professions, and income levels.

　　While 90 percent of the people passed the door test, only 55 percent passed the document drop. Are people less likely to help others when doing so takes extra effort or time? Not always, the reporters found. Take the pregnant woman who thought nothing of bending down to help us with our papers. Or the woman named Liz who balanced two coffees, her keys and her wallet on a takeout tray with one hand, while picking up papers off the wet pavement with the other .Her reason for helping? “I was there,” she said.

　　Overall, men were the most willing to help, especially when it came to document drops. In those, men offered aid 63 percent of the time, compared to 47 percent among women. Of course, men were not entirely democratic about whom they’d help. All of them held the door for the female reporter, and were more than twice as likely to help her pick up fallen papers than they were to help our male reporter.

　　By far, the most common reason people cited for being willing to go out of their way to help others was their upbringing. “It’s the way I was raised.” said one young woman who held a door open despite struggling with her umbrella on a rainy day in Brooklyn.

　　We realize this isn’t a rigorous scientific study, but we believe it is a reasonable real-world test of good manners around the globe. And it’s comforting to know that in a place where millions of people push one another each day to get ahead, they’re able to do it with a smile. Hey, if they can make nice here, they can make nice anywhere.

　　41. Which of the following is the best word to describe he experiments?

　　A. Scientific. B. Biased

　　C. Revolutionary. D. Realistic

　　42. The examples of the pregnant woman and Liz are used to show that some people____.

　　A. may take the trouble to help others

　　B. won’t take the trouble to help others

　　C. may help others save time

　　D. won’t help others save time

　　43. According to the experiments, ___________.

　　A. women are more careful

　　B. woman are more likely to need help

　　C. men are more ready to help

　　D. men are more democratic in helping others.

　　44. Helping others is a behavior that is largely influenced by ______

　　A. social norm

　　B. family education

　　C. specific situation

　　D. personal character

　　45 The results of the experiments have shown that common courtesies_____

　　A. Are still with us

　　B. are disappearing

　　C. vary with professions

　　D. need rigorous study

　　答案解析：

　　作者Lynne Truss在她的全球最暢銷的書《與手交談》中寫到，她認為像“對不起”這樣常用的禮貌用語實際上已經不復存在了。有很多人同意她的觀點。

　　是這樣嗎?我們決定通過實驗找到正確答案。我們的記者在美國很多的城市做了兩個實驗。“開門關門測試”(有沒有人幫我開一扇門?)，“丟文件”(誰會幫他們重新拿回一摞意外滑落的文件)記者沿路遇到了各種各樣的人：不同種族，不同年齡，不同專業以及不同收入水平的人。

　　90%的人通過了門的測試，然而只有55%的人通過文件滑落的測試。人們是不是不太可能花額外的精力或時間去幫助別人?記者發現情況并不總是這樣。比如這個懷孕的婦女覺得彎腰幫我們撿文件沒什么特別的。再比如這個名叫Liz的婦女一手拿著一個外賣托盤，托盤上有兩杯咖啡，她的鑰匙和她的錢包，另一只手從潮濕的人行道上拾起這些文件。她為什么要幫助別人呢?“我在那兒，”她說。

　　總的來講，男人最愿意幫助別人，特別是當他們遇到文件滑落時。其中男人花63%的時間在提供幫助，相比之下，女人的比例只占到47%。當然，總的來講男人對于他們幫助的對象并不是一視同仁的。每個人都為女記者開門，而且他們幫助女記者撿起滑落的文件的可能性要比幫助男記者的可能性高兩倍。

　　到目前為止，人們愿意盡力幫助別人的大部分的原因是他們小時候所受的教養。“我就是這么長大的。”在Brooklyn一個年輕的婦女盡管費力地拿著傘，但還是把門開開了。

　　我們發現這不是非常嚴肅的科學研究，但我們相信這是一項全球范圍非常理性的對于現實世界禮儀的測試。令人非常欣慰的是有一個地方，在那兒有很多人相互勉勵和鞭策，他們可以面帶微笑地做事。如果他們可以讓這兒變得很美好，他們也可以讓其他的地方變得很美好。

　　41.

　　【答案】 D

　　【考點】推理判斷題

　　【題意】下面哪一個單詞是對他的實驗的最好的描述?

　　A.科學的 B. 偏見的 C. 革命的 D.現實的

　　【解析】通過閱讀全文后可以通過排除法做出正確答案。

　　42. 【答案】 A

　　【考點】推理判斷題

　　【題意】懷孕女人和Liz的例子表明有些人_______。

　　A. 也許會不怕麻煩地去幫助別人 B. 不會不怕麻煩地去幫助別人

　　C. 也許會幫助別人節約時間 D. 不會幫助別人節約時間

　　【解析】本題實際上是考察舉例作用。這種題關鍵一定是例子的目的是什么。

　　43. 【答案】 C

　　【考點】推理判斷題

　　【題意】根據實驗，________。

　　A. 女人更細心 B. 女人更需要幫助

　　C. 男人更樂意助人 D. 在幫助別人方面男人更一視同仁

　　【解析】原文提到In those, men offered aid 63 percent of the time, compared to 47 percent among women.可以得出正確答案。

　　44. 【答案】 B

　　【考點】細節題

　　【題意】幫助別人是一種很大程度上受______影響的行為。

　　A. 社會規范 B. 家庭教育 C. 特殊情況 D. 個人的性格

　　【解析】 原文提到By far, the most common reason people cited for being willing to go out of their way to help others was their upbringing.可以看出幫助別人很大程度上受到家庭教育的影響。

　　45 【答案】 D

　　【考點】

　　推理判斷題

　　【題意】實驗的結果表明普通的禮貌_________。

　　A. 仍然和我們在一起 B. 正在消失

　　C. 因職業的不同而不同 D. 需要嚴格的研究

　　【解析】文章最后一段提到We realize this isn’t a rigorous scientific study, but we believe it is a reasonable real-world test of good manners around the globe.可以看出雖然這些試驗不是嚴肅的科學研究，但我們相信這是一項全球范圍非常理性的對于現實世界禮節的測試。But后面是對前面的轉折，有時可以認為是對前面的

 

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