一、考研翻譯應試原則
步驟一:標記句子主句主干及從句先行詞
1、主干判定原則:
謂語動詞的形式:___動詞原形_______, ____第三人稱______, ____過去時______
補充說明:____情態動詞、過去分詞、并列連詞、倒裝、省略________________
注解:情態動詞后為動詞或助動詞原形
過去分詞與過去時的區分在于主被動的判定
并列連詞可能會帶有省略內容
倒裝句要關注never,only等標志詞
練習一:
(2005/48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
(2007/47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
練習二:
(2006/50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
(2005/49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.
先行詞判定原則:
先行詞的形式:___that_______, ___which_______, ____who______, ____when______, ____as______
先行詞與主干關系:______隔離從句,獨立翻譯______________
補充說明:_______that可作為形容詞、as可作為介詞、which尤須判定指代內容_____________
練習:
(2003/62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
(2006/47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
步驟二:標記句子從句主干
Key Word:which
可根據which后動詞的單復數(如可判斷)及含義判斷which指代的內容,尤其當which指代逗號前句子時;which前若有介詞則翻譯時按照介詞結構翻譯。
(1997/71) Actually, it isn‘t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
(2004/61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
Key Word:when
如果when前面是表示時間的名詞則when則是指該時間,翻譯時應按定語從句翻譯為“當時,屆時,在那時”等;若無則翻譯為“當…時,在…的時候”等。
(1996/72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
Key Word:while
可根據while從句與主句內容判斷while含義,若句意有轉折或反義則while應翻譯為“盡管,然而”等;不然則while應翻譯為“當…時,與此同時”等。
(2007/50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
(2000/73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
Key Word:the idea/fact/reason/charge that
(2007/48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
步驟三:根據標記依次翻譯
翻譯原則:
主干翻譯:(1)______根據動詞翻譯句子______________(2)________根據句意調整句式____________(3) _______根據搭配修改詞匯_____________
修飾翻譯:(1)_______修飾內容一般前置翻譯_____________(2)_______過長或過復雜內容課獨立翻譯_____________(3) _______內容可根據含義調整位置_____________
補充說明:________譯文不必過于追求潤色__________
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