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2013年國際貨代人專業英語講義(3)

來源:中大網校發布時間:2012-12-21

查看2013年國際貨代人專業英語講義匯總

  Unit 3 Incoterm 2000 國際貿易術語解釋通則2000

  本節占歷年試卷I考試分值為4-6分左右

  本節內容重點:

  1.熟悉掌握6個貿易術語- FOB, CFR, CIF,FCA, CPT, CIP

  課文內容

  一、國際貿易術語通則的產生

  英文原文:To provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936” in 1936.

  ( 核心句:to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules……)

  注釋:a set of: 一組,一套 uniform: 一致的,統一的 interpretation : 解釋,說明commonly: 一般的,通常的,普遍的( = generally, usually) trade terms: 貿易術語,貿易條款 (另外:比如 trade practices 貿易慣例 trade contract 貿易合同 等)ICC:全稱:International Chamber of Commerce.國際商會。Incoterms: 全稱:International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 國際貿易術語解釋通則be known as: 統稱為……,以……著稱

  中文意思:為了給對外貿易中普遍使用的貿易條款給予統一的解釋,國際商會于 1936年發布了一套最初用于詮釋這些貿易條款的國際規則,統稱為“國際貿易術語解釋通則1936”。

  英文原文:Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.

  注釋:later : 稍候,隨后 (另外latest: 最近的,最新的)amendment: 修改,修正(尤指對規則,法律,聲明等條款的修正,修訂,修改)addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內容)in line with: 與……一致,與……相同 (相反的是:out of line with)current: 現今的,當代的,時下的international trade practices: 國際貿易慣例,國際貿易實踐

  中文意思:以后又對此通則作了修改和補充,以便使這些規則適應當前國際貿易實踐的發展。

  英文原文:The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms: EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU and DDP.

  注釋:edition: ( 書籍,書刊等的)版本,版次。

  13個貿易術語:

  EXW: 工廠交貨

  CFR:成本加運費

  CIF:成本,保險費加運費

  CPT:運費付至

  CIP:運費、保險費付至

  FOB:裝運港船上交貨

  FAS:裝運港船邊交貨

  FCA:貨交承運人

  DAF:邊境交貨

  DES:目的港船上交貨

  DEQ:目的港碼頭交貨

  DDU:未完稅交貨

  DDP:完稅交貨

  中文意思:通則最新的版本是“國際貿易術語解釋通則2000”,它包含了13個不同的國際貿易術語:EXW, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, FOB, FAS, FCA, DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU 和DDP

  英文原文:Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

  (第一句話,我們可以這么來理解) Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿易商必須承擔(bear)各自相關的責任和義務。(They = 13 trade terms )

  注釋:specify: 具體說明,詳細說明,規定(名詞:specification: 說明書)whether……or……: 是……還是…… be responsible for: 負責……,承擔……責任necessity: 必須,需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)export license: 出口許可證inspection: 檢驗 (商品檢驗:commodity inspection)obligation: 職責,義務 point: 在這里是一個抽象的概念,指“在空間或者時間真實的或想象當中的某一點”例如:at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻,在此地) risk: 風險activity: 活動,行為(復數形式尤指“所作的事務,待做的工作”)

  conduct: 管理,經營,處理(=manage, control) purchase:購買( = buy) mutual: 相互的,彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 對于……達到共識)therefore: 因此,為此

  中文意思:每一個術語都明確規定由誰來辦理出口許可證、出口清關、商品檢驗及其他義務。同時,還明確了丟失及/或損壞的風險在哪一點由賣方轉移到買方,以及哪方需承擔的相應的費用。這樣,賣方和買方如果采用2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則中的一個術語做貿易的話,就會清楚雙方各自的權利、需支付的費用以及各自的義務。

  英文原文:Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR, and CIF, while FCA, CPT, and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones. They are suitable for any mode of transport.

  注釋:discuss: 談到,討論 traditional: 傳統的 on the basis of: 以…為基礎

  中文意思:這里主要談到6個貿易術語。其中三個傳統的貿易術語:FOB, CFR和CIF,以及在這三個傳統的貿易術語基礎上發展起來的新的三個貿易術語FCA, CPT和CIP,新的三個貿易術語適合任何運輸方式。

  應注意:傳統的三個貿易術語FOB, CFR, CIF不適合多式聯運,只合適于水上運輸,而新的三個貿易術語FCA, CPT, CIP適合任何運輸方式,包括多式聯運。(考點)

  歷年考題:

  1)Which of the following trade terms may be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transport. (2004年單選題)

  A. FOB B. CIP C. CIF D. CFR

  答案:B

  分析:FOB, CIF 和 CFR 都不能適用于國際多式聯運。

  二、六個主要的貿易術語(其中傳統的貿易術語有三個:FOB,CFR,CIF;在傳統基礎上新發展的貿易術語有三個:FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考試重點)

  1、傳統的三個貿易術語

  FOB – Free On Board (……named port of shipment) 船上交貨(指定裝運港)

  英文定義:“Free on Board”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named part of shipment. “船上交貨”是指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。

  注釋:pass: 越過,通過; ship‘s rail: 船舷; named: 指定的

  這個術語應注意以下幾點:

  1)The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即買方在貨物越過船舷之后承擔所有的費用,風險和損失。

  2)FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即FOB條款要求由賣方辦理貨物的出口清關手續。

  3) FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 即FOB條款只適用于海運或者是內河運輸。

  注釋:inland waterway transport: 內河運輸

  歷年考題:

  1)FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named port of discharge. ( 2004年判斷題)

  答案:錯

  分析:FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail at the named part of shipment.  指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。( 不是 port of discharge 卸貨港)

  CFR - Cost and Freight (…… named port of destination) 成本加運費(指定目的港)

  英文定義:“Cost and Freight”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of shipment. “成本加運費”是指當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷,賣方即完成交貨。

  這個術語應注意以下幾點:

  1)The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運至目的港所需要的運費和費用。(與FOB的區別)

  2) But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風險,以及由于各種事件造成的任何額外費用,即由賣方轉移到買方。(風險的劃分與FOB不一樣的。是在目的港船舷。)

  注釋:occur:(事件等)發生;events: 事件 transfer: 轉移

  3) CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由賣方負責辦理貨物的出口清關手續。(同FOB)

  4) CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只適用于海運和內陸水路運輸(同FOB)

  歷年考題:

  1)Under the CFR term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the

  A. port of destination B. port of discharge C. port of shipment D. port of delivery

  答案:A

  分析:port of destination 目的港; port of discharge 卸貨港 port of shipment 裝運港

  port of delivery 交貨港 CFR 是指定目的港,所以選A

  CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (……named port of destination) 成本,保險費加運費(指定目的港)

  英文定義: “Cost, Insurance, and Freight”means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of shipment. “成本,保險加運費”即當貨物在裝運港越過船舷之后,賣方即完成交貨義務。

  這個術語應注意以下幾點:

  1)The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運至目的港所需要的運費和費用。(同CFR)

  2)But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風險,以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費用,即由賣方轉移到買方。(風險的劃分與CFR 是一樣的)

  3)However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer‘s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是,在CIF條件下,賣方還需要辦理買方貨物在運輸途中滅失或損壞風險的海運保險。因此,由賣方簽訂保險合同并且支付保險費用(不同于FOB和CFR,)

  注釋:procure: (尤指用心或者費力)獲得,取得,在這里我們引申為“辦理”; against: 反對,對于 carriage: 運費,運輸(在這里指的是“運輸”);consequently: 因此,所以; contract:在這里是動詞的用法,意為:簽約,訂立合同(常與with 和for連用); insurance premium: 保險費

  4)CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由賣方負責辦理貨物的出口清關手續。(同FOB和CFR)

  2、新的三個貿易術語

  FCA-Free Carrier (……named place) 貨交承運人(指定地點)

  英文定義:“Free Carrier”means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. “貨交承運人”是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點交給由買方指定的承運人,并辦理了出口清關手續,即完成交貨。

  注釋:nominated: 指定的,指派的

  這一術語應注意以下幾點:

  1)Seller should clear the goods for export.賣方負責辦理出口清關手續。

  2)The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交貨地點的選擇對于在該地點裝貨和卸貨的義務會產生影響。

  - If delivery occurs at the seller‘s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如賣方在其所在地交貨,則由賣方負責裝貨。

  - If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如賣方在任何其他地點交貨,則賣方不負責卸貨。

  注釋:impact: 常與on聯用,對……施加影響;premise: 生產場所,經營場址(在這里引申為“所在地”之意)

  3)FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

  FCA術語可用于各種運輸方式,包括多式聯運。

  注釋:irrespective: 常與of聯用,意為:不論……的,任何的;multimodal transport:多式聯(multi-前綴,常表示“多種的”的意思)

  4)If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若買方指定承運人以外的人領取貨物,則當賣方將貨物交給此人時,即視為已履行交貨義務,(風險轉移給買方)

  注釋:other than: 除了,不同于; be deemed to: 被視為; fulfill: 履行,完成

  CPT — Carriage Paid to (…… named place of destination) 運費付至(指定目的地)

  英文定義:“Carriage paid to…”means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. “運費付至”指賣方向其指定的承運人交貨,但賣方還必須支付貨物運至目的地的運費。

  注釋:in addition: 另外

  這一貿易術語要注意以下幾點:

  1)The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. 買方承擔交貨后的一切風險和其他費用。

  2)CPT與CFR的區別

  CPT has much in common with the term CFR. The major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport including multi-modal transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship‘s rail, the CPT term is preferred.

  CPT術語和CFR術語有很多相似之處。主要的區別在于CFR術語經用于海運和內陸和運輸,而CPT術語可適用于任何運輸方式,包括多式聯運。如果雙方不打算將貨物越過船舷交貨,應使用CPT術語。

  注釋:in common with: 和……一樣; major: 主要的;difference: 區別,不同之處; party: (條約,會議的) 參與者,常用復數形式與the聯用,表示“(合約)雙方”。Intend to: 打算做……;

  across: 穿過,越過= pass; prefer : 更喜歡……,更傾向于……(preferred: 首選的)

  CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid to (…… named place of destination ) 運費加保險費付至(指定目的地)

  英文定義:“Carriage and Insurance Paid to…”means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. “運費加保險費付至”是指賣方向其指定的承運人交貨,但賣方必須支付貨物運至目的地的運費。

  這個術語應該注意以下幾點:

  1)The buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.買方承擔交貨后的一切風險和費用。

  2)The seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer‘s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 賣方必須辦理買方貨物在運輸途中滅失或損壞風險的保險。因此由賣方訂立保險合同并支付保險費。

  3)CIP may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multi-modal transport. CIP術語可用于各種運輸方式,包括多式聯運。

  歷年考題

  1)Under the trade term CIP, the must contract for the cargo transportation insurance. (2004年單選題)

  A. buyer B. seller C. consignee D. carrier.

  答案:B

  分析:參考課文中CIP術語的具體描述

  注意:以上六個貿易術語中,C組貿易術語由賣方指定承運人,并與承運人簽訂合同;而F組貿易術語是由買方指定承運人。(考點)

  歷年考題:

  1)According to INCOTERMS 2000, which group of the following trade terms mean that the seller must contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port ( or place ) of destination. (2005年單選題)

  A. FOB, CFR, CIF B. FCA, CFR, CIF C. FOB, FCA, CIP D. CFR, CIF, CIP

  答案:D

  分析:需要與承運人訂立合同的(賣方指定承運人的)術語有:CFR, CIF, CIP, CPT; 買方指定承運人的術語有:FOB, FCA

  三、常用短語、名詞

  13個貿易術語(略)

  Trade terms 貿易術語,貿易條款

  ICC ( International Chamber of Commerce) 國際商會

  Incoterms(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms)國際貿易術語解釋通則

  International Trade practices 國際貿易實踐,國際貿易慣例

  Inspection 檢驗

  Inland waterway transport 內河運輸

  Multimodal transport 多式聯運

  課后習題:

  一、單選題

  1.CPT stands for carriage paid to the

  A. named place B. named port C. named port of destination D. named place of destination.

  答案:D

  2. The major difference between CIF and CFR is that under CIF, the seller is required to cover the

  A. freight B. cost C. insurance D. voyage

  答案:C

  3. Under the FOB term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the

  A. port of shipment

  B. port of destination

  C. port of unloading

  D. port of delivery

  答案:A

  4. Which of the following trade terms can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport?

  A. FOB

  B. CPT

  C. CIP

  D. FCA

  答案:A

  5. Under CFR need contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port ( or place ) of destination.

  A. carrier

  B. insurer

  C. buyer

  D. seller

  答案:D

  二、多選題

  1. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms will have a mutual understanding of their

  A. obligations B. freight C. rights D. costs

  答案:ACD

  2. are the 3 traditional trade terms frequently used by traders in China ( )

  A. CFR B. CIF C. CPT D. FOB

  答案:ABD

  3. Under CIF, the seller should pay

  A. Freight

  B. Insurance

  C. Customs duty

  D. Cost

  答案:ABD

  4. Which of the following trade terms can be used for international multi-modal transport?

  A. FOB

  B. CIF

  C.CIP

  D.CPT

  答案 :CD

  5.Which of the following trade terms need the seller pay the freight?

  A. FOB

  B. CFR

  C. CIF

  D. CPT

  答案:BCD

  二、判斷題

  1. Under CFR, the seller should pay the insurance of the goods ( )

  答案:錯

  2. The major difference between CPT and CFR is: CPT can be used for any mode of transport and CFR only can be used for sea and inland waterway transport.

  答案:對

  3. If delivery occurs at a place outside the seller‘s premises, the seller is still responsible for unloading ( )

  答案:錯

  4. Under CFR, when the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, the seller is considered to have fulfilled his duties. He has no obligation to procure insurance or to inform the buyer of taking measures to take delivery of the goods or insure the goods ( )

  答案:錯

  5.Under the CIF term, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of destination.

  答案:錯

  三。 英漢互譯

  1)國際貿易術語解釋通則 2)成本加運費 3)船上交貨 4)成本、保險費加運費 5)內河運輸6)保險單 7)包裝費用 8)風險轉移9)船舷 10) 出口許可證

  答案: 1) Incoterms 2) Cost and Freight 3)Free on Board 4) Cost, Insurance, and Freight 5) inland waterway transport 6) insurance policy 7) packing costs 8) transfer of risks 9) ship‘s rail 10) export license

  1) Free Carrier 2) Carriage Paid to 3) Carriage and Insurance Paid to 4) clear the goods for export 5) insurance premium 6) sea transport 7) named port of shipment 8) exchange control 9) seller‘s premise 10) ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)

  答案:1)貨交承運人 2)運費付至 3)運費、保險費付至 4)辦理貨物出口清關手續 5)保險費 6)海運 7)指定裝運港 8)外匯管制 9)賣方所在地 10)國際商會

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